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2008-06-23 Mon
Is LinkedIn worth $1bn? Yes. Why? Because Bain Capital says it is. The stock is not public, so you and I cannot trade it. The whole notion of the average punter trading tech stocks (or the average punter's pension fund trading it on your behalf) seems rather quaint, from some bygone era. But why has the public market for tech stocks disappeared? Where has it disappeared to? Will it ever return? The LinkedIn financing offers some clues to these questions.
LinkedIn has a dominant market position, their revenues are growing like a weed, they are profitable and they have growth ambitions that require lots of capital. For the last hundred years or so that has meant a company is ready for an IPO. LinkedIn management did say something about private financing being better, due to the "distractions" of quarterly reporting. I have seldom known people refuse the IPO "golden ticket" because of "distractions". What we are really witnessing is a strange reversal of normal market rules.
The rules used to be:
- The real stars went for IPO, where you got the highest valuation. Management also got to keep some independence and could use their public currency to make acquisitions. Everything else was second best.
- Next best was to get bought by a public company with a mix of cash and stock, the idea being that the public company's stock would do well and you would get wealthy from that. If the public company acquiring you had an inflated "bubble" currency, the trick was how to get quickly to cash - ask Mark Cuban how to do that.
- Next best was to get an all cash deal from a private company. As these companies usually don't have too much cash and hoard it carefully, these deals are smaller. But if you showed some strategic value you could do well.
- If you grew slowly and made some profits you fell into a category that VCs call "the living dead". Not dead, as the business is profitably self-sustaining. But not hot enough for deals 1,2 or 3. This was where a very unfashionable firm called a Private Equity (PE) Fund stepped in. They had lots of spreadsheets showing net present value, all of which are designed to show you that your business is worth an awful lot less than you thought.
These rules determined valuation. IPO got you the highest multiple. If you have real profit growth you could get a PE multiple of 60 to 100. If your profits were growing at 60% that PE of 60 would be a PEG of 1.0 and that is viewed as a bargain. In the Private Equity world, an EBITDA multiple of 6 is bargain time and 10 is considered "frothy". EBITDA is not quite the same as PE, but it is good enough to show that these worlds (public and private) used to have 10x factor difference in valuation.
Clearly these rules no longer apply. Bain Capital is a Private Equity Fund, a rather special example of the breed and sharing some characteristics with VC Funds, but still a Private Equity Fund. And they appear to have given LinkedIn a multiple that is in the 60 to 100 range. (My calculation is based on LinkedIn statements that revenue in 2008 will be in the range $80m to $100m and an assumption that profits are in the 10% range i.e. $8m to $10m.) In other words, a Private Equity Fund is giving a public market valuation.
In which case, LinkedIn management got a good deal. They got the valuation premium normally associated with a public market without any of the hassles and uncertainties of a public market. Given the big tasks ahead for management (more on that later) that seems like a smart move.
Which begs the question, did Bain Capital get a good deal? This was Series C, so earlier investors - all of whom are top tier VC - got a paper increase in value and probably put in more cash to maintain their % ("re-upping" in deal terms). So the earlier investors did well on paper. What about Bain Capital?
Bain Capital has a first class reputation. They are separate from Bain Consulting but grew out of that strategic consulting stable. So they are not passive investors, they really look for ways to build a ton of value and historically they have done that. So it is reasonable to assume they looked at this very carefully and have a shot at making a lot of money from this investment.
However, these are clearly strange times and the strangeness is reflected in what PE Hub called the " late night infomercial", where all the investors are on YouTube proclaiming over and over again that $1bn was a screaming bargain.
So, did Bain Capital get a bargain? Well, it all depends on what management does with the money. LinkedIn is the dominant business networking site in America. That is a hugely valuable asset as switching costs are high. You could argue, correctly that LinkedIn misses key features and they are still learning how to monetize fully. But those are execution issues and they have a strong management team who can fix those issues. The simple fact of switching costs makes LinkedIn a valuable asset that, if properly managed, will generate a lot of profits.
LinkedIn dominates in America and other English-speaking markets. But we live in global markets and LinkedIn has an equivalent in Europe - Xing - that on some metrics is stronger than LinkedIn, as we have outlined here.
And the huge Asian markets are still up for grabs, with no obvious pan-Asian champion.
Using private financing for an acquisition-led global expansion is the sort of thing Bain Capital knows how to do. It is slightly foreign territory for LinkedIn's earlier investors. So, this deal seems to make excellent strategic sense.
So, this is a two horse globalization race. The American horse - LinkedIn - has private capital. The European horse - Xing - has public market investors. This does illuminate some of the bigger market questions:
- Why has the public market for tech stocks disappeared? Because a bunch of slick promoters hyped up tech stocks in the 1998 to 2000 era and some of them turned out to be outright scams. The bar is now really high - as it should be. But, on historical standards, LinkedIn looks strong enough for IPO.
- Where has it disappeared to? To Europe and Asia, which did not have the same wild boom and bust and which therefore is not suffering the same regulatory and investor pushback that we see in America.
- Will it ever return? It has to. Private Equity needs a public market at some stage for their exits to get maximum return. Public markets are still the best way for ordinary investors to operate in a level playing field and for companies to raise large amounts of capital.
最近,帮一个朋友优化一个拥有20万主题,100万帖子,3万多会员,平均在线人数2000人的Discuz!论坛,优化前,系统平均负载(load average)基本维持在10以上,MySQL的CPU占用率基本在90%以上,优化后,系统平均负载降到0.5以下,MySQL的CPU占用率很少有超过10%的时候。优化前YSlow得分只有35分,优化后YSlow得分86分。现将优化的过程和经验做一个记录:
首先,对Apache进行优化,编辑httpd.conf,设置HostnameLookups、KeepAlive、MaxKeepAliveRequests以及KeepAliveTimeout四个参数,调整MaxSpareServers、ServerLimit、MaxClients以及MaxRequestsPerChild参数,还可以考虑弃用prefork而采用worker MPM。设置mod_deflate及mod_expires模块,不过注意Discuz!不能对PHP文件开启Expires,否则会出现问题。另外还可以考虑开启mod_cache和mod_mem_cache模块。另外利用cronolog按天对日志进行轮询截断,如果日志特别大,也可以按小时截断。另外再加上Awstats对日志进行分析,并用gzip对日志进行压缩,自动删除1个月前的日志。
其次,对PHP进行优化,编辑php.ini,调整output_buffering、zlib.output_compression及max_execution_time、max_input_time、memory_limit等参数,并安装Xcache和Zend Optimizer。
然后对MySQL进行优化。首先重新静态编译MySQL,使其只支持MyISAM和Memory两种引擎,并按Discuz!编码选择只支持UTF-8或者GBK字符集。编辑my.cnf,设置skip-locking、skip-external-locking、skip-networking和skip-name-resolve,根据内存和数据库状态具体调整key_buffer_size、query_cache_size、max_allowed_packet、table_cache、thread_cache_size、sort_buffer_size、read_buffer_size、read_rnd_buffer_size、join_buffer_size、tmp_table_size、max_tmp_tables、back_log、max_connections、wait_timeout的参数。
对数据库进行优化,将threads和posts表中部分未索引的字段增加索引,并将supersite数据库表从bbs数据库独立出去。修改discuz!配置文件,设置开启pconnect。
对Discuz!设置进行优化。进入Discuz!系统设置,修改页面缓存设置中的缓存有效期和缓存系数,修改服务器优化中的禁止浏览器缓冲和页面Gzip压缩,修改防盗链设置中下载附件来路检查,用JSMin自动对js文件进行缩减(Discuz! 6.1的common.js原文件29.3k,经JSMin缩减后为24.1k,再经deflate后为7.3k),修改attachments.php文件,将:
//dheader(’Cache-control: max-age=31536000′);
//dheader(’Expires: ‘.gmdate(’D, d M Y H:i:s’, $timestamp + 31536000).’ GMT’);
前的注释去掉。修改模板目录下adv.htm,去掉与Insenz有关的代码。
优化之后用Siege做并发压力测试,在200并发下,基本没有任何错误。如果将来人数更多,可以考虑将平台迁移到Ngix+PHP FastCGI上。
=======
BTW:做个小广告,有偿提供各种Apache、MySQL或Discuz!优化。
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How many of you use the mysql command-line client? And did you know about the pager command you can give it? It's pretty useful. It tells mysql to pipe the output of your commands through the specified program before displaying it to you.
Here's the most basic thing I can think of to do with it: use it as a pager. (It's scary how predictable I am sometimes, isn't it?)
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mysql> pager less
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mysql> SHOW innodb STATUS\G
For big result sets, it's a pretty handy way to be able to search and scroll through. No mouse required, of course.
But it doesn't have to be this simple! You can specify anything you want as a pager. Hmm, you know what that means? It means you can write your own script and push the output through it. You can't specify arguments to the script, but since you can write your own, that's not really a limitation. For example, here's a super-simple script that will show the lock waits in the output of SHOW INNODB STATUS. Save this file as /tmp/lock_waits and make it executable.
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#!/bin/sh
-
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grep -A 1 'TRX HAS BEEN WAITING'
Now in your mysql session, set /tmp/lock_waits as your pager and let's see if there are any lock waits:
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mysql> pager /tmp/lock_waits
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PAGER SET TO '/tmp/lock_waits'
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mysql> SHOW innodb STATUS\G
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------- TRX HAS BEEN WAITING 50 SEC FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
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RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 52 n bits 72 INDEX `GEN_CLUST_INDEX` of TABLE `test/t` trx id 0 14615 lock_mode X waiting
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1 row IN SET, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Pretty useful, isn't it? But we can do even more. For example, the Maatkit tools are specifically designed to be useful at the command line in the traditional Unix pipe-and-filter manner. What sort of goodies can we think of here?
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mysql> pager mk-visual-EXPLAIN
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PAGER SET TO 'mk-visual-explain'
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mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM sakila.film INNER JOIN sakila.film_actor USING(film_id) INNER JOIN sakila.actor USING(actor_id);
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JOIN
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+- Bookmark lookup
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| +- TABLE
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| | TABLE actor
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| | possible_keys PRIMARY
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| +- UNIQUE INDEX lookup
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| KEY actor->PRIMARY
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| possible_keys PRIMARY
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| key_len 2
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| ref sakila.film_actor.actor_id
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| rows 1
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+- JOIN
-
+- Bookmark lookup
-
| +- TABLE
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| | TABLE film_actor
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| | possible_keys PRIMARY,idx_fk_film_id
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| +- INDEX lookup
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| KEY film_actor->idx_fk_film_id
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| possible_keys PRIMARY,idx_fk_film_id
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| key_len 2
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| ref sakila.film.film_id
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| rows 2
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+- TABLE scan
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rows 1022
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+- TABLE
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TABLE film
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possible_keys PRIMARY
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3 rows IN SET (0.00 sec)
Now, that's handy.
What are your favorite ideas?
Entry posted by Baron Schwartz | One comment


Google just took away one of the world’s largest Outlook/Exchange installations for 1.5 million students at Australian schools, and replaced it with Gmail. More information is here.
The cost savings are substantial. The Outlook/Exchange platform involved a AU$33 million contract and took four years to go live, although it’s unclear why it took so long. The Gmail/Google Apps rollout, which is being completed by subcontractors, will cost just $9.5 million and should be live by the end of 2008. User storage will increase from 35 MB to 1 GB.
This is being called the largest single deployment of Gmail in the world, we’ve emailed Google for a comment.
Crunch Network: CrunchGear drool over the sexiest new gadgets and hardware.
通过joyo的推广链接在线推销出去一本书,可以获得返佣1.416元。
最近碰到两件事情,是够变态的。
有个兄弟,以前装了2M的宽带,用了几年了,最近升级到4M,却偶然发现竟然一直以600多K的速率用了这么多年,主要是平时也就上网打打游戏看看网站,感觉还可以。于是觉得电信真是变着法子抢钱了。
我父母家的宽带,因为要父母出去3个月左右,想办个停复机,竟然说不行。原来138每月的包月,据说复机后只能改成98每月的,想用原来138每月的业务还不行。结果索性就拆机了,回来再装,这样电信连每月15元的停机费用也没了。8年宽带的老用户了,给电信送钱还不要。
...老马: 给你出个题目。百度号称自己“百度更懂中文”的含义是什么?
扫地老僧: 更会分词??
老马: 答案:百度根本不懂英文!
扫地老僧: :DDDDD, 说得太对了
老马: 哈哈,开心的早晨。Morning :DDDD
At today's Tour de Force event in Santa Clara, Salesforce and Google will be announcing the new Google Data API Toolkit for Salesforce.
From the Salesforce developer wiki:
The new Force.com Toolkit for Google Data APIs makes it easy to develop Force.com applications that make the most of the capabilities of Google Data APIs, including read and write access to data and content in Google Apps.
You can read all the details on the wiki.
TechCrunchIT liveblogged the event - you can read it here (along with interviews with Marc Benioff and Vic Gundotra).
(via dschach)
Additional coverage:
Salesforce.com's official press release
gokubi.com: Salesforce makes it easier to code to Google Apps
force.com blog: Connecting the Clouds - Introducing the Force.com Toolkit for Google Data APIs
force.com blog: Announcement of Google Data APIs on Force.com
Official Google data APIs Blog: Salesforce.com Releases Google Data Toolkit for Apex developers
CNET News: Marc Benioff's mantra: Anything but Microsoft
VentureBeat: Salesforce and Google take their partnership a step further with new APIs
FUDCon comes on the heels of the Red Hat Summit, with many of the speakers and developers doing double-duty. Even Red Hat’s CEO showed up for both events. Did you miss out? Never fear, there’s always another FUDCon coming up, and the Fedora Project Leader is happy to give you the report from this one.
From FUDCon Boston, June 20, 2008:
The Fedora Users and Developers Conference (FUDCon) is in full swing on its second day. We have another full day of exceptional hacking taking place on the third floor of the Hynes Convention Center in Boston. Just as the Red Hat Summit is drawing to a close downstairs–winding up with a half-day of sessions and panels–we’re just now kicking into high gear. This has been an exceptional way to introduce open source customers to the larger ecosystem behind the products they love, and the community that powers Fedora, the upstream for Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
Last night at the close of FUDCon Day 1, we had two huge events–the first came courtesy of Fedora’s Infrastructure team. Over the last couple of years, the team has built a world-class infrastructure for hosting and communication throughout the entire Fedora community. Last night, Infrastructure team leader Mike McGrath announced a one-two punch of free software goodness for Fedora. First, our Fedora Account System is now an OpenID provider. This means that the identity you create in the Fedora Project can be used across thousands of web sites. The other big announcement was the new Fedora telephony system, “Fedora Talk,” based on the juggernaut free software VoIP project Asterisk.
That’s right, Fedora contributors will be able to use VoIP to set up voice meetings that facilitate better and more efficient collaboration. There will also be features to ensure that those conversations don’t damage the openness and transparency on which Fedora thrives. As Mike announced in this recent blog post, the hardware and bandwidth have been provided courtesy of our friends at ServerBeach, and the dial-in numbers by Arrival Telecom and DiDDiscount.
Red Hat CEO Jim Whitehurst arrived in the FUDCon space just in time for Mike’s big announcement. I saw a smile spread across his face as he saw the incredible work done by our Infrastructure team–just a recent example of the constant, continuous improvements in Fedora. If you’re interested in what Jim had to say, Fedora engineer Jeremy Katz posted an excellent summary of the speech and subsequent Q&A.
This morning things kicked into high gear again. Some of today’s highlights:
- Our QA and Triage teams continued some very intense work on Fedora’s testing processes, and discussing the current and future use of Rawhide and how it can be used most effectively to improve the distribution.
- A brainstorming session was held by Max Spevack and Mairin Duffy on the future of the Spins website, and how to generate a user-friendly experience for people who want to create and consume customized versions of Fedora (“spins”). Max and Mairin make a great team for keeping the talk on-track and focused on the user experience (or “story”) before lunch, and afterward narrowing in on guidelines and goals for the spin process itself.
- The Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL) group members here at FUDCon also formed a hackfest session. The EPEL special interest group is all about helping enterprise Linux users use more of the thousands of software packages available in Fedora.
- The Community Architecture group had a long strategy meeting to talk about its funding for the rest of 2008–making sure it’s spent in a way that maximizes the benefits to Fedora and our community building goals. One of the most interesting things about our CA team–and frankly, one of the reasons many others want to emulate the way they build Fedora’s community–is that they conduct all this work openly and transparently. Anyone is free to see how we allocate our funds, set our priorities, and produce results from our community work.
- Thanks to our friends at Digium, the company behind Asterisk, many of our Infrastructure team, some folks who operate in remote areas of the globe, and a handful of other Fedora team leaders and engineers were able to receive SIP handsets. We’ll use those with the new Fedora Talk to test and implement new communications solutions for all our contributors.
- Around all this activity, there were a constant stream of visitors from the Red Hat Summit–people interested in the ways in which our community brings innovative new ideas and software to the world of free and open source software. Educators, engineers, system administrators, editors, students, journalists, C-level executives, and enthusiasts all were well represented.
It’s been an exhausting but incredibly fulfilling couple of days thus far–and the BarCamp day on Saturday is sure to be just as solid. Just another few days in the whirlwind of community-powered goodness that we call the Fedora Project.
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这是一篇2005年11月份写的文章,今天整理硬盘发现了。应该是大学毕业工作3个月写的东西,现在一看挺有意思,发在这里缅怀下。
——————————————————————————————————————————
我爱这个公司,作为雅虎中国校园招聘第一届的学生,觉得可以提出些合理化建议,让我们有更多优秀的人一起,为搜索之王而战,预祝历年校园招聘成功。
2004年冬天,应该是雅虎到中国后的第一次校园招聘,周鸿祎带队走了4座城市,缺北京和上海。那天我因为学校社团开会,最后一个赶到现场,宣讲会已经结束。HR快走出门了我把1页简历递过去的。当晚就收到面试通知,还是比较惊叹这个效率的。但之前公司在学校的热身宣传好像不是特别好,比宝洁、IBM甚至Mars还是差不少。
我那会一心在挣钱做项目,并困扰于技术团队的杂事,找工作没放心上。当然目标却是有的,一定是互联网公司。之前来过的就是QQ、盛大、新浪、网易、微软等。总体来说,网易和微软是做的最棒的,无论是细节,都可以体现优秀的企业文化。QQ虽然是第二届校园招聘,但细节经验尚不足。盛大当时在学校安排了个新人演唱会,不过去的都是想玩的人,对招聘促进作用不大。新浪是最恶心的,就网上筛选了次简历,什么消息都没有,后来听说不了了之,坏了开始的承诺。
进雅虎真的是一波三折,细节就不说了。如果公司要做出承诺,请一定不要疏忽很多细节,信用和细节是校园招聘最重要的环节。我不太想讲述自己的经历,现在每天非常快乐和充实。那会自己唯一坚持的动力是来源于信念,来源于自己对中国互联网趋势的一些分析,我认为搜索是今后互联网发展的核心,门户和游戏如果放2-3年是不错,但搜索引擎却是时代发展的潮流。
第一条建议:发动公司每一个人关注新人,关注他们的想法,并提出建议。
能够把自己的兴趣与职业结合,与公司大方向保持一致,选择最有朝气的行业与其一起成长,对于应届毕业生来说,这种机会并不多。搜索的愿景FUSE是一种使命,这是一份改变人类的伟大事业,并不仅仅是来为每月的工资而活着。我个人希望与有共同愿景的人一起工作,目前search PM团队确实非常优秀。相信同学们都不希望这次校园招聘进来的人,给自己的工作带来很多麻烦。所以希望所有PM和工程师都关注招聘,关注进来的新人,像谈恋爱一样来关注新人。环境搞坏了,每个人都别想舒服。
目前搜索部门奇缺工程师,我们很多项目都如此感觉,缺乏有想法可以驱动产品的工程师,缺乏有责任感不仅仅是每天coding代码的工程师,缺乏数量众多可以大规模升级技术本地研发的工程师。这里并没有说我们工程师哪点不好,我们的工程师非常优秀可爱,但缺人啊,据说某些同学的任务都排到明年5月份了。
因为工作一般是协同开发的,PM也有责任去寻找适合的工程师,建议招聘面试工程师可放一个PM或者业务类人参与。面产品助理岗位的面试官适当安排一个工程师参与进来。交叉很重要。
第二条建议:告诉学生真实的公司,无论优点还是缺点。
刚在网上找到如下两条新闻,现在的招聘真的很累,公司也骗学生也骗,最后双方都没有好处。阿里巴巴和雅虎价值观很讲究诚信。很多学生在参加完五光十色的宣讲会,不停的追问薪水待遇、培训升职、户口等,可能不少单位都觉得反感:“什么经验都没有的家伙,凭什么挑三拣四的”。
通过分析看出,这几年虽然存在毕业生多,岗位少的情况,但对于较优秀的大学生的影响并不大,与前几年相比,他们真正的选择面反而是更广了,所以他们往往会这山望着那山高,脚踩几家企业。11月份校园招聘有多少公司参与优秀人才竞争,大家不妨去中华英才网看看,公司也不要报我不要你都还有那么多人找的心态,真正的高手并不多。我记忆中不少朋友都可以拿到3-4个offer。学生具体表现上就是,在面试的时候,大学生的求职欲望非常强烈,到企业工作的热情非常高,对任何问题和挑战都乐于接受,但接到录用通知后却迟迟不签约。少数大学生签约以后,又有了更好的选择,就往往会采取违约的办法,严重影响到职率。有个别甚至会利用劳动法中的试用期条款,采取先入职然后马上辞职的办法来规避违约责任。在这种情况下,要做好应届大学生的定岗定员肯定相当困难,也势必会影响以后的新人培训、工薪成本等一系列的决策和实施。
在宣讲会中可以很明确甚至数字化告诉学生,我们的薪水起点和上升幅度多大,我们的机遇有多少,我们的户口怎么解决……别以为学生很傻不知道普遍薪水,高校各大BBS上很多人刚面完就把公司薪水状态放出来了,面经和对策分析非常多。这样的好处就是,避免双方都麻烦,减少招聘成本。
第三条建议:寻找共同的人,认同我们价值观的人。
阿里巴巴是个非常强调企业价值观的企业,是个有梦想的企业。雅虎搜索是个非常讲究使命感的公司。前几天网上碰见一些学校的同学,有的技术确实不错。但一来就问我雅虎能给多少钱啊,公司提供住房户口么,有多少培训升职机会,有多少出国交流的机会。太把自己当回事了。我个人是比较赞同“我们更应该思考自己能够给公司带来什么?”现在不少学生求职方向感不明确,只要公司要人就投简历,广撒网。对行业和公司了解甚少,忠诚度非常低,进公司之后这个报怨那个气愤。搜索部门现在正在扩军备战,相关部门也在不停调整,肯定会存在不少矛盾,办公环境或设备待遇等不可能非常完美。沉不下心做事的人会影响真正做事情的同学。
从宣讲会我们就明确的告诉学生,公司存在淘汰率,有严格的价值观考核,必须把编程当作一种乐趣,对搜索对互联网有兴趣愿意创造的人。我记得世界上最优秀的游戏公司-暴雪娱乐,招聘的人必须喜欢游戏并有一定想法,或者对游戏故事设计感兴趣的人。难以想像一个从来不玩游戏鄙视网络游戏的人,会在暴雪有多少idea。
第四条建议:宣讲会是企业实力和文化的最好表现,也是学生市场的宣传推广活动。
校园招聘很多学生判断一个公司的优秀程度,无非广告或者媒体或者产品使用,再就是招聘宣讲会和BBS的口碑。到了当地,宣讲会和BBS是最重要的环节之一,需要精心准备。
对于校园BBS,建议公司在上面投放banner广告或者把进站首页更换成雅虎招聘,价格并不贵。呵呵,我目前还有水木清华和珞珈山水两个BBS的美工权限,要换不难。据我所知,武汉地区BBS或校园网站上挂banner一个星期一般500-1000,找工作的学生对BBS的依赖非常大,80%的信息都是从上面获取。宝洁、网易、微软等公司每年都有专用账号专人注意上面情况,合理引导,回答同学们的问题,有个互动。这是一个优秀公司的风范。
可联系当地学生社团或者学院,海报宣传覆盖最好找刷牛皮藓的职业人士,一般30块钱搞定。或者委托某社团,一般1000-3000块钱搞定一个城市没问题的。对于社团负责人也非常愿意参与,因为他们想表现优秀获得公司注意,没钱都干。还记得我有个师兄前年网易去武大招聘,全力协助搞定海报场地和保卫工作等,最后网易给该社团800块钱,他后来私下说不给钱都愿意,能跟丁磊聊聊天值得。我想这次愿意跟马云聊聊天的学生社团负责人还是不少。
这次建议公司播放《阿雅志》,气势磅礴,激动人心。看得懂的人肯定对互联网了解,看不懂的一般平时很少看电影死读书,不了解中国互联网,或者只知道玩游戏。那个片子里面有不少大片镜头,现场抢答提问就可以问下是哪些电影,送个小礼物什么互动下也不错的。
马总肯定会聊的,然后工程师和PM方面有人讲下,接着HR详细讲解公司薪水待遇发展机遇,最后现场第一轮测试,必须参与测试才能投递简历。同时发放调查问卷或者开放型问答。
海报满天飞,进BBS就有吸引眼球的banner,论坛还有专人引导同学问题,雅虎全球征集的有趣试题,马云的演讲比李开复、李彦宏的要精彩,煽动人的《阿雅志》,诱人的薪水和公司的发展前景……呵呵,估计不火爆不行。
第五条建议:招聘形式的创新
这次人力资源部的内部推荐比较有意思,希望这个制度可以长久下去。网上答题也是个新的点子,虽然目前执行上有些问题,但可以改进。
回顾去年的校园招聘,现场周鸿祎的一番演讲,具体我因为没去参加不清楚。第一轮面试是HR,问题都是外企常规问题,这些BBS上的面试经验都整理了很多,大部分只要关注下都应该问题不大。当然工程师人才可能在口才上没业务类会说。
很多技术题目都是流传甚广,曾经有个同学上午面完华为,下午面金蝶,居然都问它同一道C语言和OSI七层模式。FT,结果在BBS上发贴鄙视面试工程师:“靠,太把我们学生当傻瓜了,某些问题还需要我来讲。”顺便也把金蝶鄙视了一下,当整个学生BBS社区都觉得某个企业不怎么牛,公司的签约率往往不高。对于刚毕业学生往往都很狂妄(嘿嘿,不知道我写建议算不算),觉得你不把他难住他就没兴趣。这点谈恋爱一个道理,很容易被追上的,往往不知道珍惜,往往是那种若即若离的女孩子,很多人追,大家都还是比较讲究成就感的。
这里不得不提下Google和微软的问题,确实非常刺激非常有新意,工程师的笔试题既要有普遍题也要有新意的题目。纯粹考察算法和计算能力,不妨下面这种题:
实打实的数学题,比如“用3种颜色为20面体上色,每个面一种颜色,有多少种组合?你会选择哪3种颜色”,“试着证明WWWDOT-GOOGLE=DOTCOM,请把所有字母替换为数字。”当然希望这次的题目都是我们的工程师新想出来的,可以改编原有题目,但一定不要能够轻易在网上查到。当然这次百度之星的程序员选拔题都比较有意思,我在“百度之星”贴吧中看到很多人交流,都是资深工程师出的编程细节问题。
雅虎拥有全球资源,我建议这次不妨发一封信给全球,征集优秀工程师设计份题目。大家对出题肯定会比较有兴趣的,也肯定会特别体现雅虎风格。目前美国搜索团队中不少华人,群发邮件我相信他们也会很热心的花几分钟出几道优秀题目,让题目从现实编程中走出来,而不要是那种网上其它公司copy合成的。
我去年第二轮笔试去华中科技大学,雅虎给每个人一个单独的信封,这个细节我一直认为是大企业的作风,需要保留。不过对于有些题目并不怎么赞同,太多的图案测智商的题目。我之前没有经验不知道提前上网查这类题库,回去后一查太多了。最后一个对产品的看法和建议给出的空白太少了,主观题可适当测试创造性。
在宣讲会结束接收简历的时候,即可设置第一轮淘汰。给所有人发一份试卷,写点听完后的感受和疑惑,给雅虎搜索提点建议和自己的看法,再做几个问卷调查,这些东西比收完简历HR猛看筛选强多了,简历这东西太掺水了。客服最近不是正在征集搜索问卷调查,我们对高校学生搜索市场也缺乏了解,不正是抽样调查机会么。对于工程师岗位,现场留几道有难度体现能力的题目,给学生个思考的时间,面试时带答案过来。无形中就有一批学生筛选出去了,缺乏挑战问题能力的人不是我们需要的,即使没有结果仍然来面试也需要勇气。
第六条建议:实习机会多样化
或许有人认为公司实习必须是人到公司来,然后打打杂看资料学习,或者做简单编辑维护等,或者写点小程序。我记得网易前副总裁李学龄在谈到招聘应届生的2点经验:
1、 日常招聘绝对不招聘应届学生,除非我们主动找到的。(只是编辑,技术不能这样
2、 大规模招聘应届学生, 不看简历。全部拉来实习,然后从中挑选。
对于签约学生,我们可以布置任务,让他在学校完成。能够做下来的通常对offer忠诚度比较高,毁约程度低,同时让他提前进入角色。这些任务比如:
产品助理或编辑方向:做下本校校园网结构调查,搜索引擎学生市场调查,互联网学生网民各项指标调查。
工程师:某些产品小性能测试,anti-spam的测试。或者在来公司报道前指定几本书的阅读,或者毕业前去图书馆对某项技术深入学习下。
让签约学生闲着不是件好事,闲着人家就有心思去琢磨其它公司给的offer如何。对手上任务有兴趣了,相应对公司和互联网行业就更加深理解。这点我记得王烜在我入职前,让我有意识的注意百度贴吧和搜狗说吧模式,分析下部落的问题,站在普通网民角度思考如何改善。这些过程对入职后非常有帮助,你有一个普通用户的使用经验在里面,对产品的理解会更加深入。
第七条建议:笔试和面试环节
去年我接到笔试试题的时候,是产品助理的试卷,每个人单独的信封密封好了。看起来非常专业化。这点也是比其它公司做的漂亮的地方,给每个学生不同的感觉。
题目偏重测试智商和观察力等。前面两类基本是这样,第一类是填数字,第二类是很多图的题目。最后两类中个人比较推崇开放表述题,也就是谈谈你对雅虎某款产品的认识。前面有道“如何设计盲人用的调料盒”,答完后感觉题目出的不够严密。我一直不太清晰是设计盒子还是架子。其它几个同学也不太清晰,题目描述清晰很重要。
前面几条建议都陆续写了些出题的方式。很倾向在宣讲会就进行第一轮现场筛选,很多学生都是来赶场,对公司一点都不了解,受人委托投简历的大有人在。HR会后抱着一堆简历去看然后筛选面试学生,有一定主观判断。简历注水的现象也有不少,所以不太建议HR仅仅通过简历来筛选。
宣讲完毕,即每个人发一张试卷,分工程师和非工程师类,题目不用迅速考察专业技能。可以考察大家听宣讲会记住了多少,如果一个学生对宣讲会某些公司核心内容都没听进去多少,这类学生的听讲能力首先就值得怀疑的。
工程师类可以问下出1-3道经典的C/C++试题,时间控制在15分钟内。同时加一个开放性试题。比如“通过对常见几个搜索引擎的使用,假设你是系统架构师,请描述下你心目中的搜索引擎结构,比如如何获得信息,然后分类,然后输出。建议使用N-S流程图或编程专业流程图”,连最基本的流程图都不会画,简历都不用交了就立即删除。同时目前高校计算机专业更多面对考试,不少人实际编程经验不足,对计算机小知识可以死记硬背。流程图可以非常明显看出一个人的宏观程序设计能力。
非工程师类比如产品助理类,也让他画图。通过了解身边几个产品经历,能否通过图表把你对产品的构架表达出来是很关键的能力。OK,就考个很简单的东西。“请大家把邮箱常用功能用流程图画出来,并标注你可能加入的新功能或者你认为不合理的功能”,常用邮箱主要是收件和发件两大核心流程线。收件又可以划分到“收件箱”“垃圾箱”“已删除邮件”,发件可划分“草稿”“已发送邮件”,中间存在交叉处理。雅虎邮箱和163邮箱还有些其它功能,比如“地址簿”“记事本”“相册”等。这是互联网中最常见的产品应用,如果整个流程图走不清楚,对身边产品应用观察力不够,面试都不用叫。如果一个产品助理永远只停留在产品的粗略使用层面,是肯定不能招进来的。该题还能考察学生创新能力。
非工程师类的搜索编辑和客服专员,就我目前正在设计的一套管理系统,对surfer的知识面要求比较广,要有耐心和数据统计能力。
通用题目也需要精心设计,主要目的就是减少HR会后筛选工作强度,把真正对公司有兴趣,对互联网有兴趣的同学留下,宁缺毋滥。
第八条建议:城市和学校
当我知道公司确定了6所城市,遗忘了武汉,那会觉得非常奇怪。武汉在全国高校是第三大集群地,前者是北京和上海。如果去哈尔滨是因为招工程师去哈工大我觉得不错,去杭州是因为阿里巴巴总部和浙江大学缘故。西安和南京比武汉理工甚至文科人才略差。有成都没有武汉倒让人很吃惊。
HR只告诉我这是公司决定,不少同事可能碰到这种说法就不说话了,确实员工没资格确定这些甚至不用想这些问题,瞎操心。搜索部门武汉高校过来的很多啊,几个华中科技大学的,另外我跟韩孟岗也是校友。其实公司可以查看下工程师的来源地,如果武汉地区的确实非常少,从招聘成本考虑我也建议不去。
另外我注意到一个细节,6个城市28所高校,平均每座城市4所高校。完全没必要一个城市走几所高校,现在校园招聘知名企业都是去了一座城市一所学校,很多学校学生互相赶场。从节约招聘成本角度考虑。每个城市最多选2所,甚至1所,把武汉增加进去。这样全国重点都铺满了。
第九条建议:入职培训
我进来后基本没有什么培训。公司文化和制度,很多都靠去twiki去找各种文档看。得看个人的主动性和能否发现有价值的文档了。对于公司很多常识性的了解,可否整理个专门的手册。不一定是人事部门来操作,在twiki上建立个专区,大家有什么资料都往里面丢。
阿里巴巴内网确实很不错,知道很多优秀大公司都有可以互动的内网,公司人才很多,这个活可以交给一个刚来的有网站搭建经验的学生来做即可。
具体培训项目HR肯定已经考虑详细了,从阿里巴巴那边也会过来培训师,非常期待。
部分附件
和崔珊珊聊天 接触Baidu现任技术总监(百度天津招聘会实况)
下面这篇文字是一个刚刚签宝洁的应届生的博客,摘录一些文字,也基本反应校园招聘的一些实际情况。《学生求职,网络将日渐重要》
每个大公司都有自己的招聘网站,每个大学都有自己的学生就业网,每个大学论坛都有自己的就业版。这三者构成了联系紧密的三角关系。
学生希望得到的就是丰富的就业信息,同时有便捷的应聘流程。网络很好的满足了这些要求,所以一些招聘网站如中华英才网、前程无忧、智联招聘、中聘网在校园招聘期间总是能吸引很多的眼球。新浪也开通了就业见习网,并请了不少名企好好的秀了一把。另外我还发现一个专门收集发布校园招聘信息的网站,这也是当初我的一个想法,想不到有人先做了,不过感觉还不太成熟,信息量也不如我在学校论坛置顶帖中收集的多。
虽然学生和企业都方便了不少,但也不是没有问题。这些招聘网站一个应届生职位动辄能收到成百上千份简历。当简历投递成本急速降低以后,学生们肯定会广泛“播种”,而企业不得不投入很大经历来筛选简历、笔试、面试。而某些企业可能会因为太多人申请,而笔试人数有限而招到学生怨言,比如IBM,30000多人申请,3000人笔试,少于10%的人。清华、北大、交大不少同学都觉得没有一次笔试机会太受打击,并质疑中华英才网的筛选简历流程。
随着现在大学的网络逐渐普及,应聘人数肯定多于以往的学校定点招聘,出于对应聘者隐私的保护,我觉得还是用公司自己的招聘网站比较好,外包给一些招聘网站虽然省心省钱,但对口碑可能有影响。至少招聘方面我觉得宝洁、GE在这方面做得很人性化。所以公司还是用自己的招聘网站比较好,落选的一些人作为后备人才库,因为最后拿到Offer的牛人可能手里还是其他选择,而笔试、面试的难度和轮次增加也是应对报名人数增加的一个解决方式(比如这次的公务员考试就是这么干的)。
对大学就业网,一般大学模式都是根据学号注册,然后每个用户有个类似“公文包”的模式,里面有自己简历,招聘信息,宣讲会信息,招聘会信息等。不过目前国内大学一般只对校内用户开放这些信息,除了清华、浙大等比较自信的大学,其他北大、复旦、上交无一不是“请先注册”。
而大学BBS的就业版相对来说就开诚布公的多,共享和交流在这里得到非常好的体现,无论是网上招聘信息,笔、面试经验,一些问题和困惑等等都可以在这里找到答案。所以总体来说,对学生求职帮助最大的,应该就是大学BBS的就业版了。
水木BBS上次有人戏言以后新东方是否会开个应聘辅导班之类的,事实是他们已经开始开英语面试班了。我回复说有可能再出本《牛企应聘蓝宝书》,然后再开一个月强化班,全面提高你的穿着,举止,谈吐,口语;包括牛企招聘信息的收集和应聘流程指导;同时对目标企业都有个案模拟,呵呵,真是很有市场啊。
下面这个是最新水木社区求职版关于前几天雅虎网上答题的议论,希望HR能够关注所在城市高校的校园BBS。水木社区是高校最大的BBS社区,每天光job版平均在线1000人。暴露我们这次网上答题很多问题。
http://www.smth.cn/bbsbfind.php?q=1&board=Career_Plaza&title=yahoo&title2=&title3=&userid=&dt=7
全国高校有用的BBS整理(红色为本次招聘城市)
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水木清华 北京 |
北大未名站北京 |
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浙大飘渺水云间杭州 |
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珞珈山水站武汉 |
华中大白云黄鹤武汉 |
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复旦日月光华 上海 |
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交大饮水思源站上海 |
哈工大紫丁香站哈尔滨 |
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华东理工-BBS广州 |
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川大蓝色星空站成都 |
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南京大学小百合南京 |
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上述BBS只需要盯住几个重点BBS即可,每个城市选取1-2个即可。
11月9日12点完成于公司
第十条建议:无题
此前写了6条就写下去了,因为终究觉得是自己的一相情愿。很多时候低调本分做好自己本职就够了,这是传统的要求。其实公司里面还有很多有想法的朋友,但因为这样那样的碰壁和嘲笑,都不愿意再说话提建议。领导有领导的考虑,按吩咐去做就好了,弄的不好还会觉得少年气盛喜欢指手画脚,成了另类。
对于新人来说,很多地方确实是战战兢兢的,很多职场文章也是要求夹着尾巴做人。同时公司也陆续有些朋友因为这样那样的原因不得不离开,更增添了些谨慎,顾虑远远超过了写的难度。
我们知道 mnesia 为很多人诟病的一个问题是——它有着诸多让人费解的限制。比如说,在 32 位的系统上,你最多只能存储 4G 的数据。又比如传说中磁盘表让人胆战心惊的修复过程。这些缺陷常常让人在试图推广 erlang 时,总觉得有些底气不足。虽然说,在实用的角度, 4G 其实也够用了,况且还可以分块。但无论怎么说,这种限制毕竟让人不爽。但其实,这些让人尴尬的限制其实并不是 mnesia 代码的问题(冤枉 mnesia 同学了),而是由它底层的存储机制 ets 和 dets 的特性所决定的(好比 mysql 之于 myisam / innodb 的关系)。现在好了,我们可以说,这些让人不快的限制已经可以被抛在脑后了。
Joel Reymont 就是那位在 05 年写出惊到大家的《Writing Low-Pain Massively Scalable Multiplayer Servers》一文的作者。(此文本站亦有中文翻译《轻松实现可伸缩性,容错性,和负载平衡的大规模多人在线系统》,感谢译者“神宗冥浩”)。他这次带给大家的是一个让人惊叹的大礼包——超乎想象的 mnesia 补丁包 mnesiaex 。这个东西解除了加在 mnesia 数据库系统上所有的限制(虽说上面已经提到,实际上 mnesia 代码本身没有什么真正的限制)——你现在可以用 SleepyCat/BerkeleyDB/MySQL/Amazon S3/Tokyo Cabinet/… 甚至是你自己喜欢的某种东西来当作 mnesia 的后端,就像 ets/dets 一样。而访问的接口仍保持不变——继续沿用 mnesia 的接口,一行也不用改。 DIY 这种扩展也变得相当容易,写一个 behavior 就成了。
感谢 Joel Reymont 将这些工作回馈到开源社区。让我们一起祈祷 OTP Team 将这堆 patch 合并到 Erlang 的下一个发布版本中去吧。
顺便 blah 一下:
关于 Erlang
Erlang 就好像是 Ericsson 的私生子,从出生之日起就一直不得宠。在 AXD301 中的耀眼光芒,还是逃脱不了被弃用的命运(Ericsson 又转回去用 C 写交换机了,别让我猜中是因为公司政治)。失败了的 Joe 一伙人被迫离开自组 BlueTail 公司,绝望之中以 Open Source 协议公布了 Erlang 的代码,这个挫折使得它在编程语言的坟场寂寞的躺了多年,但仍然保留着翻盘的火种。默默无闻的完善了多年(加入SMP支持之类),一直不为人所知。直到碰上 CPU 多核变革的机遇,这才重新捡回半条命,并渐渐被人提起。但别忘了,Erlang 直到现在仍然都是由 Ericsson 所拥有(整个的 OTP Team 都是他的员工)和操纵的(你能看到 Erlang 的 souce code 但能访问 Erlang source code 的 SVN 么?)。而比 Sun 的 Java 更加糟糕的是老态龙钟的 Ericsson 从来也没有意识到 Erlang 这个私生子身上所蕴含的潜力。麻烦哪位消息人士请一定转告 Ericsson 的老爷爷们,现在连 Sun 都已经完全开源了 Java ,请抓紧赶上吧,把那些没用的遮遮掩掩全都扔掉。因为对于一个程序设计语言而言,只有 Open Source Community 的程序员们,只有这些人,才是它生命力的真正源泉。在此祈祷 Open Source Erlang 项目朝着更 Open Source Way 的方向前进。
关于 Mnesia
因为工作关系,最近又有机会再来近距离审视 mnesia 这坨神奇的东西。Joe 老头在他的书中说:“关于 Mnesia 的更多内容,恐怕还要再写一本书才能讲得清楚”,现在我(部分地)知道这句话的分量了——我发现自己之前对于 Mnesia 的认识完全错了,而基于新的认识,好多东西都要推翻了重来(害我多做了那么多蹩脚的实现,写了那么多苍白的代码)。我的感觉(现在的)是—— mnesia 根本就不是什么数据库,这只是一个善意的谎言(以它出现的时代来说,太激进,会把人都吓跑了)。实际上,它根本就是一个 Erlang 的 hibernate 。换句话说,这个东西就不应该被拿来当作“数据库”用,而是应该拿来当作“数据层”用。一字之差,谬以千里,熟悉 Java/SSH 编程的同学们相信都能明白我在说什么。实际上,我私下里在怀疑这是 mnesia 最初的设计目的之一,但为了某种原因而故意不去点破这一层。但愿在这个问题上我只是个可耻的阴谋论者。
一开始,只是认为dbms_metadata.get_ddl仅仅能用来获取表结构的语句,其实这个包的功能还是挺多的,差不多所有你希望的对象都能获取:
1.显示设置:
@?/rdbms/admin/catmeta.sql
*/
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
SET LINESIZE 1000
SET FEEDBACK OFF
set long 999999
SET PAGESIZE 1000
/*若希望不显示storage参数:
EXEC DBMS_METADATA.SET_TRANSFORM_PARAM(DBMS_METADATA.SESSION_TRANSFORM,'STORAGE',false);
*/
2.9i R2所支持的45个OBJECT TYPE:





